Monstrous

Aliens, ETs and UFOs => Outer Space => Topic started by: Loki on October 11, 2003, 01:38:48 PM

Title: The 'white hole' theory
Post by: Loki on October 11, 2003, 01:38:48 PM
Instead of containing all of creation, the universe itself may exist inside sort of a giant black hole that is reversed, like a movie running backward, so instead of sucking everything into oblivion, the "white hole" is ejecting everything outward.

The new theory, derived from Einstein's equations for relativity, suggests beyond our universe "is a universe we are expanding into, a much bigger place," mathematical physicist Blake Temple of the University of California, Davis, told United Press International.

The leading idea of how the universe began remains the Big Bang theory, which explains our cosmos was born, not so much from a giant explosion, but a giant expansion, ejecting everything - even time and space - from an infinitesimal spot nearly 14-billion years ago.

In 1925, famed astronomer Edwin Hubble - after whom the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope is named - discovered all observable galaxies are flying apart from one another. By tracing the history of the universe back in time, scientists have been able to estimate the present cosmos grew from a single point of incredible heat and pressure. Echoes of the Big Bang still pervade all of space as a dim background of microwave radiation.

In the so-called standard model, the universe is assumed to go on expanding infinitely in every direction and eventually to reach infinite mass. This is a sticking point, with which Blake Temple and collaborator Joel Smoller have problems.

"A basic principle of physics is that nothing is infinite," Temple said. "Is there anything else in physics you can think of that is infinite?"

Temple and Smoller wanted to create a new model of the Big Bang where the total mass was not infinite. Both are experts in the mathematical theory of shock waves, the steep, high-pressure fronts of explosions. Shock wave science attempts to explain such phenomena as the sonic boom created by the wings of aircraft, the way gridlock propagates in vehicular traffic and tidal waves.

"Every explosion I've ever seen has a shock wave," Temple said. "We said, 'My God, the expanding universe is the only explosion we've ever seen without a shock wave. Can we incorporate one into it?'"

Their model, which Temple and Smoller reveal in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, took a decade to develop. Because their model squeezed all of the universe's mass into a tight space that proceeded to explode outward, that meant the cosmos had to have begun from a black hole.

Black holes are pits in space and time predicted by Einstein's equations that are so dense, nothing can escape their gravitational pulls, not even light. At the heart of a black hole is a singularity, a point of infinite density where space and time as we know it end.

"What is nice about Einstein's equations is that they are time-reversible," Temple said. A black hole's dynamics played backwards are equally as plausible as the normal version. Although singularities contained in normal black holes end space and time, the new model of a white hole begins space and time.

At first, Smoller and Temple assumed our universe had already escaped the confines of the white hole. However, if we had, we should be able to see the shock wave from the Big Bang explosion, Temple explained. "Since we don't see a shock wave, it's farther out. This means we are inside a time-reversed black hole," Temple explained.

Though the model seems like idle speculation at first, Temple said "a big surprise" is its mathematics predict accurately the correct values of pressure and density at the earliest stages of the Big Bang.

"I like the idea. I think it's very appealing," mathematician James Glimm of the State University of New York at Stonybrook told UPI. "It's an extremely exciting development. It's one of the boldest new ideas that have been offered in cosmology in a while. I'm sure it will capture the attention of a lot of people."

One major implication of this model, Temple explained, is "there is something outside. Our universe is in a much larger space-time. The universe we know could be much bigger than the region of expanding galaxies," he said.

"There could be other universes. All could exist within this outer space beyond these things," Glimm said.

Temple said future papers could help reveal when our expanding universe will contact with its shock wave and emerge from the edges of the white hole. "If you were off the center of the universe, you would see (the shock wave) as a disturbance in the sky," he said.

Of course, "what set the explosion in motion, that's a complete mystery," Temple said. "What's the mechanism, where it came from, we don't know, but this is exactly the same question there is for the Big Bang in the standard model."
Title: Re: The 'white hole' theory
Post by: onishadowolf on May 01, 2009, 12:28:23 PM
Ok, this the response I got from askaastronomer.com about white holes and their answers about the subject.


White holes as the arise in general relativity are nothing more than a time
reversed black hole used for convenience in solving problems in a certain
coordinate choice. However they do give rise to the idea of wormholes linking
black holes and white holes and the like. Here again sadly the wormholes in
general relativity are not quite physical and even if they were are such that
anything entering a wormhole would cause it to collapse before the object that
entered could pass through.
This is not to say that wormholes cannot exist in the context of M theory as
there strings can certainly pass through multiple branes and so might be used as
conduits from one brane to another, since I could envisage a scattering of a
normal string in the brane with one passing through the brane resulting in de
excitation of the in brane string (destruction of/or alteration of a particle)
and simultaneous excitation of the crossing string (creation of or alteration
of/a particle) that then is carried along to another brane where the reverse
process occurs thus transferring the particle across. How such a thing might act
on larger than a per particle basis is difficult, you'd have to transfer bundles
I guess, which seems far less likely.
At any rate it is possible to have wormholes, the question is is it truly
plausible, and more importantly even if its plausible has nature bothered to
avail itself of wormholes. To these later questions we would at present say no
but cant say definitely not.
Hope that helps,
Istvan Laszlo
Quoting onishadowolf@yahoo.com:

>
> The following Ask an Astronomer question was sent to
> curious@astro.cornell.edu on March 25, 2009 at 12:15:51 am:
>
> Question:
> I have a question for your answers about white holes. If you take into
> account the M-Theory wouldn't white holes be pluasible?, especially if you
> also take into account a multiverse and there being energy and matter before
> the Big Bang. Essentially what I'm suggesting is that black holes and white
> holes are ways for the different universes to take and give matter and energy
> to each other, a way to balance each other.
>
> Background:
> I'm a High School Grad. I'm not an expert of any kind, I just have research
> addiction.

It was a better answer then I was expecting.